Chapter 3 continuous

Fifth, Maxwell made space changing to current continuous law scat.J=-dp/dt for circuit, and assumed that current can flow into different directions, and the current is continuous in free space. Maxwell also assumed that the electrical is not a point and not a face or a body, it is the electric displacement in the free space, visible medium or invisible ether under electric tensile or torsion force can form electric displacement, which is the representation of displacement current, the current is the physical value distributing in the whole free space, the inflowing current will continue spreading into different directions. The above deduction is proved to be a mistake in physical definitions and calculation, Kirchhoff’s law is applicable inside the conductor but the free space or outside conductor. In fact, the electric charge can not fly over the space from one capacitance board to the other capacitance board; the battery cell and the capacitance store the positive and the negative charges as opposed to the current flowing into different directions. The electric charge gun or particle generator can shoot the electric charge into the Maxwell metal sphere a, the electric charges are accumulating, and the total mass is increasing.

Sixth, in the careful deduction to the Maxwell’s equations, we can find Maxwell sometimes treated P(r) as source point, sometimes treated P(r) as field point; he made an ambiguous interpretation to source point and field point regardless of the equation’s application condition, which resulted in the unsymmetrical space. Maxwell assumed J、r were distributing in the whole ether space to deduce the curl equations, but the trackers assumed J=0、r=0 to deduce the wave equation, from the above analysis, Maxwell can not deduce the curl equation if existing J=0、r=0 in the free space. The displacement current is a mistake judged by the modern metal electronic theory, which is the limit of the science development. Forty years later, Lorentz had pointed that “Maxwell distrusted the electric charge, but always treated electric displacement as electric charge; it was difficult to understand what his electric charge meant. Maxwell had not mentioned the electromagnetic origin; it seem that the electromagnetic is from a distant point, is also a field without source.” Just like it, Maxwell deduced the two wrong curling equations including the unsymmetrical equation and the unsymmetrical space. Actually, the charge motion is the root of the electromagnetic wave and the field can not create the field.

Seventh, it can be said that it is very difficult to solve the Maxwell unsymmetrical equations. In the course of the field calculation, the Green theory, Hemuhuoerzi equation, Lorentz conditions and current continuous law were adopted to solve the field value. Though the calculation can be checked, the deduction is not in line with the actual condition. So the unsymmetrical curling theory is a self-contradiction.

In sum, the two Maxwell curl equations are impossible in free space in either physical definitions or math calculation. An analysis conclusions about Maxwell curling theory is that Maxwell curling equations are only applicable inside conductor because all the equations deduced by Maxwell are suitable for inside conductor, so Maxwell curling equations is suitable for inside conductor’s electromagnetic calculation model which provides the electric signal transmission model inside the conductor, thereby the deduced transmission velocity c0 is the relative velocity of electric signal inside the conductor to source transmission velocity. In fact, the physical nature is not field caused by field, the curling equations is not applicable outside the conductor.

The negativity experiments to induced electric field and induced magnetic field are introduced in this chapter.

I have to add an idea that Maxwell’ mistake deduction is a great improvement to society civilization, this is the gain in misfortune. Maxwell is the first physicist predicting the electromagnetic wave in history and also verified the transmission velocity c0 inside the conductor. The mistake in his theory is unavoidable, as the science development is tortuous. People had no understanding of current as well as electric charge during the period. Eighteen year later after Maxwell died, Thomson discovered electric charge. So Hertz’s mistake is a necessity in history. The Hertz experiment is a fortune in fortune, because Hertz as well as Lorentz and other physicists didn’t appreciate Maxwell’s displacement current and his spreading application of physical equation from inside conductor to the free space.

Conclusion in this chapter is that Maxwell’s electron induced by magnet and magnets induced by electron are both mistakes, the electric signal transmission mechanism and transmission velocities inside the conductor are applicable.